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''The Sacred Harp'' is a shape note tunebook, originally compiled in 1844 by Benjamin Franklin White and Elisha J. King in Georgia and used to this day in revised form by Sacred Harp singers throughout America and overseas. This article is a historical overview and listing of the composers and poets who wrote the songs and texts of ''The Sacred Harp''. ==Music== The music of ''The Sacred Harp'' is eclectic in origin, and can be roughly grouped into the following categories of songs (listed chronologically). In the examples listed below, songs are identified by the page number in the two most prominent modern versions of ''The Sacred Harp''; the so-called "Denson edition" and the "Cooper edition". Thus, "D,C 49" means "found on page 49 of both the Denson and Cooper editions". *A few very old songs of European origin, such as "Old Hundred" (D,C 49), which in its original version dates to 1551. These oldest songs also include a few from a remote ancestor of Sacred Harp singing, the tradition of religious choral music that flourished in rural England in the mid 18th century, for example "Milford" by Joseph Stephenson (D 273). *Songs by the New England composers of ca. 1770-1810, sometimes referred to as the "First New England School". These composers included William Billings, Daniel Read, Nehemiah Shumway, Stephen Jenks, and Supply Belcher. Of these, the best represented is Billings, with 14 songs in the Denson edition. *Songs from the period 1811-1844, written as the center of participatory sacred music shifted geographically from New England to the rural South. A well-known song from this period is "Idumea", by Ananias Davisson; D,C 47. *From roughly the same period, a group of folk tunes converted to multipart hymns, a practice at which William Walker excelled. The folk song scholar Bertrand Bronson identified the song "Wondrous Love" (D,C 159) as one such instance of folk song adaptation.〔He identifies the tune as "Samuel Hall", tracing it through various incarnations ("Captain Kidd", "Admiral Benbow", "I Had An Apple Pie,"), arriving ultimately at "Wondrous Love", which appeared first in the Southern Harmony and later in ''The Sacred Harp''.〕 It is not generally easy to locate the folk song ancestor of a Sacred Harp song, but the existence of the practice is fairly certain. One Sacred Harp composer, John Gordon McCurry, sometimes actually acknowledged the folk singers from whom he learned a song, as when he wrote "This Tune is arranged as sung by William Bowers, Eagle Grove, Georgia."〔Quotation from McCurry's own tunebook, ''The Social Harp''; taken from Patterson 1977〕 *Camp meeting songs. Buell Cobb notes that these can often be identified by their extensive refrains, reflecting their origin in hymns that were often memorized or learned on the spot without a hymnal. He gives as a possible example the song "Traveling Pilgrim" (H. S. Reese, 1850; D,C 278). Daniel Patterson draws a contrast between the camp meeting songs and the folksong-based hymns: *Songs by Southern composers from White and King's own singing community, centered in Georgia and Alabama. B. F. White himself is represented by 32 songs. *New songs: The practice of composing new Sacred Harp tunes was never abandoned, and many of the songs in current editions date from the 20th and 21st centuries. They are written in the style of earlier work. 148 songs in the Denson edition were composed after 1900, and a number of these are very often sung.〔From 2007 Minutes data (()) the four most often sung post-1900 songs are 475 "A Thankful Heart" (John T. Hocutt, 1989), 480 "Redemption" (also Hocutt, 1959), 454 "The Better Land" (1935, O. A. Parris), and 503 "Lloyd" (1980, Raymond C. Hamrick)〕 The different historical eras used different modes of composition. While the New England composers wrote mostly in four parts (treble, alto, tenor, bass), their Southern successor in the 19th century typically wrote in just three (treble, tenor, and bass). Their work was altered around the turn of the 20th century, when alto parts were added, first in the new Cooper edition (1902) and later to what ultimately became the modern "Denson" edition; the latter were written mostly by Seaborn Denson. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sacred Harp hymnwriters and composers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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